Name: 
 

Online Study Guide - Chme 1 - Atomic Structure & Nuclear



Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 

The most penetrating form of nuclear radiation is ____.
a.
alpha rays.
c.
gamma rays.
b.
beta rays.
d.
positrons.
 

 2. 

The half-life of calcium-47 is about 5 days. Starting with 64 g of this isotope, what would be the amount remaining after 20 days?
a.
32 g
c.
8 g
b.
16 g
d.
4 g
 

 3. 

One product of all nuclear fission reactions is ____.
a.
protons.
c.
electrons.
b.
energy.
d.
neutrons.
 

 4. 

Fusion reactions require ____.
a.
very heavy nuclei.
c.
very rare elements for use as fuel.
b.
incredibly high temperatures.
d.
no initial energy.
 

 5. 

The mass of an electron is _____.
a.
smaller than the mass of a proton.
c.
a tiny fraction of the mass of an atom.
b.
smaller than the mass of a neutron.
d.
all of the above.
 

 6. 

The number of stable isotopes that exist compared to the number of unstable isotopes is _____.
a.
much less.
c.
slightly more.
b.
much more.
d.
about the same.
 

 7. 

The isotope formed by the beta decay of struct_-_nuclear_files/i0080000.jpgK has an atomic number of _____.
a.
18.
c.
20.
b.
39.
d.
21.
 

 8. 

The isotope formed by the alpha decay of struct_-_nuclear_files/i0090000.jpgU has a mass number of _____.
a.
234.
c.
238.
b.
236.
d.
240.
 

 9. 

When the isotope struct_-_nuclear_files/i0100000.jpgPa decays by beta emission, the isotope formed is _____.
a.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0100001.jpgAc.
c.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0100002.jpgU.
b.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0100003.jpgTh.
d.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0100004.jpgU.
 

 10. 

The isotope formed by the alpha decay of struct_-_nuclear_files/i0110000.jpgDy is _____.
a.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0110001.jpgDy.
c.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0110002.jpgGd.
b.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0110003.jpgHo.
d.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0110004.jpgHo.
 

 11. 

The decay of struct_-_nuclear_files/i0120000.jpg Tm yields 16268Er and _____.
a.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0120001.jpgHe.
c.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0120002.jpg.
b.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0120003.jpg.
d.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0120004.jpg.
 

 12. 

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called ____.
a.
isotopes
c.
metalloids
b.
metals
d.
radioactive elements
 

 13. 

A particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n) ____.
a.
electron
c.
neutron
b.
proton
d.
quark
 

 14. 

A certain atom has 26 protons, 26 electrons, and 30 neutrons. Its mass number is ____.
a.
26
c.
52
b.
30
d.
56
 

 15. 

The type of radioactive particle that can be stopped by a sheet of paper is the ____.
a.
alpha particle
c.
gamma ray
b.
beta particle
d.
uranium
 

 16. 

The most penetrating type of radiation is the ____.
a.
alpha particle
c.
gamma ray
b.
beta particle
d.
uranium
 

 17. 

A helium nucleus with two protons and two neutrons is called a(n) ____.
a.
alpha particle
c.
electroscope
b.
beta particle
d.
gamma ray
 

 18. 

Both a fusion reaction and a fission reaction ____.
a.
causes chain reactions
c.
take place at room temperature
b.
produce energy
d.
use hydrogen as a fuel
 

 19. 

Thorium-234 has a half-life of 24 days. If you started with a 100-g sample of thorium-234, how much would remain after 48 days?
a.
100 g
c.
25 g
b.
50 g
d.
10 g
 

 20. 

The correct nuclear notation for the isotope oxygen-15 is _____.
a.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0210000.jpg
c.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0210001.jpg
b.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0210002.jpg
d.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0210003.jpg
 

 21. 

struct_-_nuclear_files/i0220000.jpg and struct_-_nuclear_files/i0220001.jpg are examples of _____.
a.
allotropes
c.
particles of radiation
b.
isotopes
d.
tracers
 

 22. 

When struct_-_nuclear_files/i0230000.jpg becomes struct_-_nuclear_files/i0230001.jpg, what type of decay has taken place?
a.
alpha
c.
gamma
b.
beta
d.
positron
 

 23. 

A(n) _____ is a high energy electron.
a.
beta particle
c.
alpha particle
b.
helium nucleus
d.
positron
 

 24. 

Which of the following isotopes is not commonly used for dating objects?
a.
carbon-14
c.
potassium-40
b.
phosphorus-32
d.
rubidium-87
 

Matching
 
 
Match the terms below with their correct definitions.
a.
atom
h.
atomic mass unit
b.
nucleus
i.
radiation
c.
atomic mass
j.
Dalton’s atomic theory
d.
isotopes
k.
cathode ray
e.
gamma ray
l.
radioactivity
f.
alpha radiation
m.
radioactive decay
g.
beta radiation
 

 25. 

Radiation deflected toward the positively charged plate
 

 26. 

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
 

 27. 

High-energy radiation that has no charge and no mass
 

 28. 

The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element
 

 29. 

The weighted average mass of an element’s isotopes
 

 30. 

The center-most part of an atom where the protons and neutrons are contained
 

 31. 

Radiation deflected toward the negatively charged plate
 

 32. 

The rays and particles emitted by radioactive material
 

 33. 

Process (not requiring energy) by which unstable nuclei lose energy
 

 34. 

States that all matter is composed of atoms
 

 35. 

Process whereby some substances spontaneously emit radiation
 
 
Match the terms below with their correct definitions.
a.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0390000.jpg
e.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0390001.jpg
b.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0390002.jpg
f.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0390003.jpg
c.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0390004.jpg
g.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0390005.jpg
d.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0390006.jpg
h.
struct_-_nuclear_files/i0390007.jpg
 

 36. 

Isotope in which the number of neutrons is six more than the isotope’s atomic number
 

 37. 

Copper-63
 

 38. 

Copper with seven neutrons more than its atomic number
 

 39. 

Isotope that has one neutron more than its number of protons
 

 40. 

Carbon with equal numbers of neutrons, protons, and electrons
 

 41. 

Carbon with two more neutrons than its number of protons
 

 42. 

Chromium with two more neutrons than its number of protons
 

 43. 

Isotope in which the difference between the neutrons and number of protons is 4
 
 
Match the terms below with their correct definitions.
a.
Thomson
c.
Rutherford
b.
Millikan
 

 44. 

Proposed the nuclear atomic model
 

 45. 

Determined the mass-to-charge ratio of an electron
 

 46. 

Calculated the mass of an electron
 
 
Match the terms below with the correct definitions.
a.
nuclear reaction
c.
radiation
b.
beta radiation
d.
radioactive decay
 

 47. 

The rays and particles that are emitted by a radioactive material
 

 48. 

A reaction that involves a change in an atom’s nucleus
 

 49. 

The process in which an unstable nucleus loses energy spontaneously
 

 50. 

Fast-moving electrons
 



 
Check Your Work     Reset Help