Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The most
penetrating form of nuclear radiation is ____. a. | alpha rays. | c. | gamma rays. | b. | beta rays. | d. | positrons. | | | | |
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2.
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The
half-life of calcium-47 is about 5 days. Starting with 64 g of this isotope, what would be the amount
remaining after 20 days?
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3.
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One product
of all nuclear fission reactions is ____. a. | protons. | c. | electrons. | b. | energy. | d. | neutrons. | | | | |
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4.
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Fusion
reactions require ____. a. | very heavy nuclei. | c. | very rare elements for use as fuel. | b. | incredibly high
temperatures. | d. | no initial
energy. | | | | |
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5.
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The mass of
an electron is _____. a. | smaller than the mass of a proton. | c. | a tiny fraction of the mass of an atom. | b. | smaller than the mass
of a neutron. | d. | all of the
above. | | | | |
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6.
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The number
of stable isotopes that exist compared to the number of unstable isotopes is _____. a. | much
less. | c. | slightly
more. | b. | much more. | d. | about the same. | | | | |
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7.
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The isotope
formed by the beta decay of  K has
an atomic number of _____.
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8.
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The isotope
formed by the alpha decay of  U has
a mass number of _____.
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9.
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When the
isotope  Pa decays by beta emission, the isotope formed
is _____.
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10.
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The isotope
formed by the alpha decay of  Dy is
_____.
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11.
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The decay of
 Tm yields 16268Er and
_____.
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12.
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Atoms of the
same element with different numbers of neutrons are called ____. a. | isotopes | c. | metalloids | b. | metals | d. | radioactive elements | | | | |
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13.
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A particle
that moves around the nucleus is a(n) ____. a. | electron | c. | neutron | b. | proton | d. | quark | | | | |
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14.
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A certain
atom has 26 protons, 26 electrons, and 30 neutrons. Its mass number is ____.
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15.
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The type of
radioactive particle that can be stopped by a sheet of paper is the ____. a. | alpha
particle | c. | gamma
ray | b. | beta
particle | d. | uranium | | | | |
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16.
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The most
penetrating type of radiation is the ____. a. | alpha particle | c. | gamma ray | b. | beta particle | d. | uranium | | | | |
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17.
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A helium
nucleus with two protons and two neutrons is called a(n) ____. a. | alpha
particle | c. | electroscope | b. | beta particle | d. | gamma ray | | | | |
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18.
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Both a
fusion reaction and a fission reaction ____. a. | causes chain reactions | c. | take place at room temperature | b. | produce
energy | d. | use hydrogen as a
fuel | | | | |
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19.
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Thorium-234
has a half-life of 24 days. If you started with a 100-g sample of thorium-234, how much would remain
after 48 days? a. | 100
g | c. | 25
g | b. | 50
g | d. | 10
g | | | | |
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20.
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The
correct nuclear notation for the isotope oxygen-15 is _____.
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21.
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and  are examples of _____.a. | allotropes | c. | particles of
radiation | b. | isotopes | d. | tracers | | | | |
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22.
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When
 becomes  , what type of decay has taken place? a. | alpha | c. | gamma | b. | beta | d. | positron | | | | |
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23.
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A(n)
_____ is a high energy electron. a. | beta particle | c. | alpha particle | b. | helium
nucleus | d. | positron | | | | |
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24.
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Which
of the following isotopes is not commonly used for dating objects? a. | carbon-14 | c. | potassium-40 | b. | phosphorus-32 | d. | rubidium-87 | | | | |
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Matching
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Match the
terms below with their correct definitions. a. | atom | h. | atomic mass unit | b. | nucleus | i. | radiation | c. | atomic mass | j. | Dalton’s atomic theory | d. | isotopes | k. | cathode
ray | e. | gamma
ray | l. | radioactivity | f. | alpha radiation | m. | radioactive decay | g. | beta
radiation | | | | |
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25.
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Radiation
deflected toward the positively charged plate
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26.
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Atoms with
the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
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27.
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High-energy
radiation that has no charge and no mass
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28.
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The smallest
particle of an element that retains the properties of that element
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29.
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The weighted
average mass of an element’s isotopes
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30.
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The
center-most part of an atom where the protons and neutrons are contained
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31.
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Radiation
deflected toward the negatively charged plate
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32.
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The rays and
particles emitted by radioactive material
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33.
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Process (not
requiring energy) by which unstable nuclei lose energy
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34.
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States that
all matter is composed of atoms
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35.
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Process
whereby some substances spontaneously emit radiation
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Match the
terms below with their correct definitions.
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36.
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Isotope in
which the number of neutrons is six more than the isotope’s atomic number
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37.
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Copper-63
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38.
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Copper with
seven neutrons more than its atomic number
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39.
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Isotope that
has one neutron more than its number of protons
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40.
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Carbon with
equal numbers of neutrons, protons, and electrons
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41.
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Carbon with
two more neutrons than its number of protons
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42.
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Chromium
with two more neutrons than its number of protons
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43.
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Isotope in
which the difference between the neutrons and number of protons is 4
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Match the
terms below with their correct definitions. a. | Thomson | c. | Rutherford | b. | Millikan | | | | |
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44.
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Proposed the
nuclear atomic model
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45.
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Determined
the mass-to-charge ratio of an electron
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46.
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Calculated
the mass of an electron
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Match the terms below with the correct definitions. a. | nuclear
reaction | c. | radiation | b. | beta radiation | d. | radioactive decay | | | | |
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47.
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The rays and
particles that are emitted by a radioactive material
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48.
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A reaction
that involves a change in an atom’s nucleus
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49.
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The process
in which an unstable nucleus loses energy spontaneously
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50.
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Fast-moving
electrons
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